This thesis is a survey on some field invariants related to quadratic
forms. The major part is devoted to the level s=s(F) and the u-invariant
u=u(F) of a given field F. The level of a ring R is defined to
be the
smallest natural number s such that -1 can be expressed as a
sum of s
squares in R. If no such number exists s(R) is defined to be infinity.
In
this thesis, we present that the level of a field must be a power of
2,
whereas for division rings there are examples of levels 2^r and
2^r +1.
The u-invariant of a field F is defined as
u(F)=min { n : quadratic forms of dimension >n over F are isotropic
}.
If no such minimum exists, we define u(F) as infinity. While studying
these invariants, another invariant q(F), cardinality of F*/(F*)^2
, is
also involved. The presented results in this survey are due to
T.Y. Lam,
A. Pfister, J.P. Tignol, D.W. Lewis and W. Scharlau.
Keywords: Quadratic forms, quaternion algebras, sums of squares, Pfister
forms, level, u-invariant.